![]() ![]() The average annual temperature in the desert is 86☏ (30☌), however, temperatures may reach 122☏ (50☌) even during warmest months, with the maximum temperature ever reported in Aziziyah, Libya, at 136☏ (58☌). The Sahara is one of the world’s warmest places, in addition to being highly dry. As a result, the Sahara receives less than 2.5 cm (25 mm) of yearly rainfall. Furthermore, the existence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, or ITCZ, in the southern Sahara Desert prevents precipitation from accessing the area, while storms from the north of the desert also fail to reach there. However, after the ice sheets melted, the low pressure changed, allowing the northern Sahara to dry up while the southern Sahara continued to get precipitation because of the existence of a rainstorm.Īround 3400 BCE, the monsoon migrated south to where it is now, and the desert dried out again, returning to its current condition. However, due to the formation of low pressure over ice sheets to its north, precipitation in the desert rose from 8000 BCE to 6000 BCE. Because precipitation in the area was low during the previous glacier, it was much larger than it is now. The Sahara Desert, while being hot and dry now, is thought to have gone through several climatic upheavals during the previous few hundred thousand years. In locations with greater rainfall, the desert’s center is classified hyper-arid and has little to no flora, but the northern and southern sections feature sparse grasses, desert shrub, and occasionally trees. The Sahara Desert is separated into distinct geographic zones since the amount of water and terrain vary depending on location. Other water in the Sahara is located in subterranean aquifers, and in regions where this water reaches the surface, such as the Bahariya Oasis in Egypt and Ghardaa in Algeria, there are oases and occasionally small cities or communities. The Nile River, which runs from Central Africa to the Mediterranean Sea, is the only permanent river in the desert. Today, the majority of the water in the Sahara comes from seasonal or intermittent streams. The lowest point in the Sahara Desert is -436 feet (-133 metres) below sea level in Egypt’s Qattara Depression. It is located in northern Chad and is part of the Tibesti Range. Emi Koussi, a shield volcano that rises to 11,204 feet, is the highest peak in these mountains (3,415 m). ![]() Within the Sahara, there are various mountain ranges, several of which are volcanic. ![]()
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